多義摩卡咖啡探源 Mocha: The Multifaceted Origins of a Term in Coffee

摩卡，這個詞彙在不同語境和文化中有著各異的定義。

第一種摩卡的最初含義：

摩卡，起源於遙遠的葉門。葉門被視為咖啡的發源地之一，然而其種植咖啡的確切時間歷史學家無法確定。相較之下，衣索匹亞被廣泛認為是咖啡的故鄉。早期，從摩卡港（古稱Al Mukha）出口的咖啡豆統稱為摩卡咖啡，因為以此港口命名。然而，隨著葉門政局不穩，內戰的肆虐，農業補貼減少，農民轉向種植更具利潤的阿拉伯茶，使得摩卡咖啡漸漸式微。水源短缺，品質不一，再加上缺乏有效的生產管理及產銷機制，導致摩卡咖啡在咖啡產區中逐漸式微，為其他產區取而代之。

然而，近年來，2020年，葉門精品咖啡運營商和出口商宣布了一個振奮人心的消息，經過多年的追根溯源和專注研究，他們在葉門發現了一個嶄新的咖啡品種——葉門妮婭（YEMENIA）。這將為未來的咖啡傳說寫下嶄新的篇章！

第二種常見的摩卡：

摩卡飲品，是指一種結合了巧克力風味或糖漿的飲品或咖啡，其特點在於將濃縮咖啡與巧克力相融合，形成濃郁的巧克力咖啡風味。或者是巧克力加上牛奶，稱之為摩卡。這種風味起初或許由星巴克等咖啡連鎖店引入，但現在已經普及且成為一種備受歡迎的咖啡風味，也是一種比較通用的語言。如果你去咖啡店告訴店員你要摩卡咖啡，通常會得到一杯融合了巧克力風味的咖啡牛奶，搭配濃縮咖啡。

所以，如果你想品嚐葉門摩卡咖啡，記得告訴咖啡師你要的是葉門摩卡咖啡，因為並非所有的咖啡店都供應這種珍貴的品種。

第三種是近期常見的豆種-摩卡：

摩卡豆，是波旁咖啡的一個變種，最初來自衣索匹亞或葉門等國家，豆子天生小巧圓潤，切面呈微微圓形。後來在夏威夷進行研究，與鐵比卡混血，演變成高株小摩卡，以適應夏威夷茂宜島的水土，但豆型仍保持著原有的小巧可愛。

而如今，比較盛行的則是衣索匹亞瑪吉摩卡咖啡，它具有獨特的風味特點。

總的來說，摩卡這個詞彙在咖啡世界裡承載著豐富的歷史和文化，無論是來自遙遠的葉門，巧克力風味的摩卡飲品，或者是具有獨特風味的摩卡豆，都讓我們在咖啡的世界中品味著多樣的滋味。

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The term "Mocha" holds diverse meanings in different contexts and cultures.

The Original Meaning of the First Type of Mocha:

Mocha finds its roots in the distant land of Yemen. Yemen is considered one of the birthplaces of coffee, although historians are unable to pinpoint the exact time of coffee cultivation. Ethiopia, in contrast, is widely recognized as the homeland of coffee. In the early days, coffee beans exported from the port of Mocha (formerly known as Al Mukha) were collectively referred to as Mocha coffee, named after this port. However, due to unstable political conditions and the ravages of civil war, agricultural subsidies dwindled, prompting farmers to turn to more profitable crops like Arabian tea. This led to the gradual decline of Mocha coffee. Scarce water resources, inconsistent quality, and a lack of effective production management and marketing further contributed to its waning popularity, eventually replaced by other coffee-producing regions.

However, in recent years, in 2020, Yemen's specialty coffee operators and exporters made an exhilarating announcement. After years of painstaking research and tracing back to the roots, they discovered a brand-new coffee variety in Yemen, known as Yemenia. This marks the beginning of a new chapter in the coffee saga!

The Second Common Type of Mocha:

Mocha beverage refers to a drink or coffee infused with chocolate flavor or syrup. Its distinctive feature lies in the fusion of espresso and chocolate, creating a rich chocolate-coffee flavor. Alternatively, it may be chocolate combined with milk, known as Mocha. This flavor profile may have initially been introduced by coffee chains like Starbucks, but it has now become widely popular and serves as a relatively universal language. When you visit a coffee shop and order a Mocha, you'll typically receive a cup of espresso-infused milk with a melded chocolate taste.

So, if you're keen on savoring Yemeni Mocha coffee, remember to inform the barista that you're seeking Yemeni Mocha, as not all coffee shops offer this precious variety.

The Third Type: Recent Common Mocha Coffee Bean Variety:

Mocha beans, a variation of Bourbon coffee, originally hail from countries such as Ethiopia or Yemen. These beans are naturally small and round, with a slightly circular cross-section. Subsequently, research in Hawaii led to the development of tall, small Mocha plants through interbreeding with Typica to adapt to the soil and conditions of Maui Island. Despite this, the bean's petite and adorable nature remained intact.

Today, one of the more prevalent varieties is Ethiopian Magi Mocha coffee, known for its distinct flavor characteristics.

In summary, the term "Mocha" encapsulates a rich history and cultural significance in the world of coffee. Whether it stems from the distant lands of Yemen, the chocolate-flavored Mocha beverages, or the uniquely flavored Mocha beans, it invites us to savor a diverse array of tastes in the realm of coffee.